Length: 8 in.
Weight: 40-60g
Main prey items are soil invertebrates, some arboreal insects, snails and even small
salamanders;
fruit in late summer, fall and winter
Typically Two Clutches in the south, 3-5 eggs per clutch, nest building mostly by female with incubation by female with male helping to feed young and sometimes feeding female on nest; incubation 12-14 days and young leave nest in about two weeks; common cowbird host in some parts of its range.
Known to live almost 9 years.
Likely many killed from collisions with towers, tall buildings and other structures during migration. Fragmentation of habitat continues to increase on both breeding and wintering grounds. Cowbird brood parasitism and edge-related predation hamper reproductive output.